There appeared a novel virus in domestic animal in November 2011 in Europe, which is Schmallenberg virus. The infection of Schmallenberg virus causes congenital malformations and stillbirths in livestock such as cattle, sheep and goats. Schmallenberg virus belongs to Genus Orthobunyavirus, which contains three segmented RNA genomes in the enveloped spherical virion. Schmallenberg virus is also a kind of arbovirus that is considered to be transmitted via midges. This virus does not concern to human diseases.
Several viruses such as Akabane virus, Aino virus and Peaton virus used to be shown as causative agents of livestock malformations in textbooks of veterinary medicine. As time goes by, these kinds of pathogens in microbiological field has increased.
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