SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 express an accessory protein ORF3a in infected cells. The authors revealed that an expression of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a alone inhibits autophagy activity in culture cells, which was also observed in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a is localized on late endosome/lysosomes and interacts with the host factor required for autophagy activity. Importantly, this inhibitory effect for autophagy was confirmed only in the ORF3a of SARS-CoV-2, not of SARS-CoV-1.
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