Ad26.COV2.S is a replication-incompetent human adenovirus type 26 vector expressing a pre-fusion stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein of original Wuhan strain, which is provided from Janssen. This vaccine elicited humoral and cellular immune responses that cross-react with the B.1.351 South Africa variant and protected against the B.1.351 challenge in rhesus macaques. Although this vaccination induced lower neutralizing antibodies against B.1.351 as compared with that against Wuhan strain, it elicited CD4 and CD8 T cell responses that were comparable among against Wuhan, UK and South Africa variants. The viral load in respiratory swabs after B.1.351 infection were remarkably lower in the vaccinated animal compared with sham control. Moreover, the vaccination reduced histopathological scores in the infected lung.
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