The over-expression of SARS-CoV-2 nsp2, nsp5 and nsp7 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells reduce the expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 that is involved in the migration of immune cells from endothelial cells, and enhance that of von Willebrand factor and IL-6, which suggests that these proteins cause an endothelial dysfunction. The expression of tight junction proteins such as cadherin-5, ZO-1 and β-catenin are also reduced by nsp2, nsp5 and nsp7. These viral proteins were found to confuse the vascular permeability that may play an important role for COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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